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From Siwa to Goulmima: A Date Palm Lexicon

  Some time ago, while I was working on a previous blog entry devoted to date palm tree cultivation in Goulmima (from a text in the A. Roux archives) , I leafed through a number of dictionaries, looking for words relating to said tree. I found little that was specific to the date palm, compared to the doum palm ( Hyphaene thebaica ). Benamara’s Figuig dictionary could have offered more, but without knowing tifiyyeyt lexicon, I had no entry points. As for Amaniss’s unpublished dictionary, there is some date palm vocabulary, with some overlap with Goulmima’s, but sometimes with a different realization. I initially decided to build a spreadsheet, using the ar.wikipedia page for “ نخلة التمر ” as a source vocabulary list, search through Chafik, and map onto the bilingual list the vocabulary of my home region. Unfortunately, in Chafik, I found more doum than Phoenix dactylifera . The same goes for the IRCAM dictionary, as well.   With the recent publication of Valentina Schiattarella
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William Blake "The Tyger" [Tasuɣlt]


aġilas
n William Blake

Tyger crop

aġilas a yaġilas, a yasfḍ
n wafa g tagant n yiḍ,
matta wfus, matta tiṭṭ ayd iġiyn
ad-ak ifṣṣl tanmnatt issiwidn ?

g matta iġubutn nġd ignwan
ag issiġ mummẓṛi-nnk timssiwin ?
matta yfriwn as iẓuẓd ad ittḥwwam ?
matta wfus as iẓuẓd ad yiġi yafa ?

matta yġiṛ, d matta tẓuṛi ayd iġiyn
i wul-nnk ad ẓlgnt iẓġṛan ?
llig issnta wul-nnk ar ikkat,
matta wafus ! matta yḍarn issrgigin !

matta tfḍist ? matta tyffart ?
i matta tġṛġṛt ayd ak imsln anlli ?
matta taggunt ? matta wxbaḍ issrgigin
as iẓuẓd ad imsatay d tawda issudurn !

iddġ d gran yitran tifaliwin
sswun s imṭṭawn i ygnwan :
idd-is iṭṣa llig igra tiṭṭ s tṣekka-nns ?
idd-is kid isskr ntta d-isskrn ara ?

aġilas a yaġilas, a yasfḍ
n wafa g tagant n yiḍ,
matta wfus, matta tiṭṭ ayd iẓuẓdn
ad-ak ifṣṣl tanmnatt issiwidn ?

                                                                   The original:

Tyger Tyger, burning bright,
In the forests of the night;
What immortal hand or eye,
Could frame thy fearful symmetry?

In what distant deeps or skies.
Burnt the fire of thine eyes?
On what wings dare he aspire?
What the hand, dare seize the fire?

And what shoulder, & what art,
Could twist the sinews of thy heart?
And when thy heart began to beat,
What dread hand? & what dread feet?

What the hammer? what the chain,
In what furnace was thy brain?
What the anvil? what dread grasp,
Dare its deadly terrors clasp!

When the stars threw down their spears
And water'd heaven with their tears:
Did he smile his work to see?
Did he who made the Lamb make thee?

Tyger Tyger burning bright,
In the forests of the night:
What immortal hand or eye,
Dare frame thy fearful symmetry?

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